【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAerobicBiodegradationofPlasticMaterialsintheMarineEnvironmentbyaDefinedMicrobialConsortiumorNaturalSeaWaterInoculum
【原文标准名称】:利用确定的微生物聚生体或天然海水接种物测定海洋环境中塑料需氧生物降解的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6691-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:aerobic;biodegradation;marineenvironment;plastics;Aerobic/anaerobicbiodegradation--plastics;Biodegradation--plastics;Marineenvironments;Microbialenvironments;Plastics--marine(shipping)applications
【摘要】:Theuseofplasticsaboardshipsisontheriseandtheuseoftheseaasatrashdumpingsiteisnolongerapossibility;consequently,thedisposalofplasticmaterialswhileatsearemainsamajorissue.Itispossiblethatbiodegradableplasticswillhelptoallaypublicconcernbyallowingforthesafedisposalofplasticmaterialsatsea.Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedtoassesstherateanddegreeofaerobicbiodegradationofplasticsexposedtomarinemicroorganisms.Aerobicbiodegradationisdeterminedbymeasuringtheamountofbiogas(carbondioxide)producedduringsuchanexposure.Itisacceptabletousethedegreeandrateofaerobicbiodegradabilityofaplasticundertheconditionsofthistestmethodtoestimatethepersistenceofthatplasticinbiologicallyactivemarineenvironments,forexample,seashoreandopen-ocean.However,itshallberecognizedthatpredictinglong-termenvironmentalfateandeffectsfromtheresultsofshort-termexposuretoasimulatedmarineenvironmentisdifficult.Thus,cautionshallbeexercisedwhenextrapolatingtheresultsobtainedfromthisoranyothercontrolled-environmenttesttodisposalinthenaturalenvironment.1.1Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminethedegreeandrateofaerobicbiodegradationofplasticmaterials(includingformulationadditives)exposedtopre-grownpopulationofatleasttenaerobicmarinemicroorganismsofknowngeneraortheindigenouspopulationexistinginnaturalseawater.Thetestmethodisconductedundercontrolledlaboratoryconditions.1.2Thistestmethodisdesignedtoindexpolymermaterialsthatarepossiblybiodegradable,relativetoapositivereferencematerial,inanaerobicenvironment.1.3Thistestmethodisapplicabletoallpolymermaterialscontainingatleast20%carbonthatarenotinhibitorytothemicroorganismspresentinamarineenvironment.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.5ThereisnosimilarorequivalentISOstandard.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_99
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
基本信息
标准名称: | 烟道式余热锅炉设计导则 |
中标分类: |
机械 >>
活塞式内燃机与其他动力设备 >>
锅炉及其辅助设备 |
发布部门: | 杭州余热锅炉研究所 |
发布日期: | 1994-12-09 |
实施日期: | 1995-06-01 |
首发日期: | 1900-01-01 |
作废日期: | 1900-01-01 |
归口单位: | 杭州余热锅炉研究所 |
出版日期: | 1900-01-01 |
页数: | 33 页 |
批文号: | 机械科[1994]1019号 |
适用范围
本标准规定了烟道式余热锅炉设计应遵守的基本原则和要求。 本标准行之有效用于以水为介质,额定蒸汽压力不大于3.82MPa、额定蒸汽温度不大于450℃的水管、因管型固定式余热锅炉。对额定蒸汽压力大于3.82MPa并小于5.88MPa,额定蒸汽温度不大于450℃的固定式余热锅炉可参照本标准执行。 本标准不适用于直流余热锅炉、热管余热锅炉和热水余热锅炉。
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所属分类: 机械 活塞式内燃机与其他动力设备 锅炉及其辅助设备